The gut microbiome, explained

In recent years, it's been almost impossible not to hear something about gut health. It seems as though everyone from online influencers to medical professionals have had something to say on the topic. Despite most of us being familiar with the terminology, how much do we really know about the gut microbiome and how it can affect us? 

Harvard’s School of Public Health describes the microbiome as trillions of small organisms and microbes that occupy the human body. Everything from bacteria, fungi, viruses and even parasites make up this complex environment. Most of these microbes are beneficial to us, but some are pathogenic, meaning they cause disease. In a healthy individual, both types of organisms can coexist peacefully. Even though our body houses many different microbiomes, the intestines, or gut, contain the highest population density of microbes. These communities begin developing from the moment we are born. As a baby is pushed through the birth canal, it interacts with the microbes of the mother. This process influences the development of the baby’s intestinal microbiome, which mimics that of the mother. From then on, the microbes of the gut continue growing and maturing alongside us. 

The microbiome is so integral to our health and well-being that some sources have gone as far as labeling it as a supporting organ of the body. Not only do these microbes help us digest food, they also support the immune system, synthesize vitamins and can protect us from toxic food compounds. Both vitamins B12 and K can be created by enzymes found in gut bacteria. These vitamins help with the formation of red blood cells, brain development and the building of bones. Additionally, the microbiome can also aid in the production of short chain fatty acids, which are used by the body as a nutrient source but can also potentially prevent chronic diseases, from bowel disorders to cancer. Finally, certain microbes are associated with preventing harmful bacteria from overgrowing by competing with them for attachment sites and nutrients. 

Despite all of science’s advancements, there is still much unknown about how the gut microbiome impacts us. Many lofty claims have been made as to how gut health could impact us. Therefore, it’s important to be critical of information that is presented on social media. Misinformation is always abundant when people get excited about such a promising field. Hopefully, future research will uncover more significant findings that could potentially treat common and chronic health issues.

By: Nicole Hardt